As reported in the Nov. 21 issue of TV Technology (“Broadcasters Add More Tools to Cover Hurricane Sandy”), electronic journalists covering the storm said bonded cellular has come a long way in terms of reliable connectivity, video quality and low delay or latency.

Before getting into the important advances that individual bonded cellular designers have built into their most recent products, it’s only right to share the credit of covering Sandy with the cellular carriers which have upgraded their systems with more (and more reliable) cell towers, and their migration from 3G to 4G.

IMPROVED CAPABILITIES
Ken Zamkow, director of sales and marketing for bonded cellular transmission pioneer LiveU, said changes to their equipment in the four years production models have been shipped have been incremental. “Every year, roughly, we come out with a newer unit that has stronger encoders, stronger processor, more memory and so on.”

He pointed to what his company has learned about the behavior of cellular networks. “It’s easier for us now to anticipate when there may be a drop in signal for a certain card, or to identify patterns and to know how to more efficiently send the data back with minimal loss of data.”

Zamkow also said LiveU has designed a proprietary antenna array for the transmitter that provides a stronger signal than a standard cell phone antenna. “When you have a lot of devices competing for the same signal, our antenna knows how to hone in on the cleanest and clearest path.”

LiveU has designed a proprietary antenna array for the transmitter that provides a stronger signal than a standard cell phone antenna.

One process that works without operator intervention is TVU Networks’ proprietary Inverse StatMux technology, which dynamically segments a live video signal and adjusts the signal in real time to ensure that each 3G or 4G connection is optimally utilized.

Shen noted development of the TVUPack Mini SE, purpose-built for integration with Sony XDCAM shoulder-mount camcorders. The Mini SE mounts between camcorder and battery, and plugs into a 50-pin connector on the camcorder. “With the 50 pin connector, the pack will be an integral part of the camera.”

CAMERA CONSIDERATIONS
Devens, Mass.-based Comrex is slated to begin shipping its first bonded cellular video system, called “Liveshot,” as this issue is going to press. The Liveshot is designed with Anton/Bauer Gold Mount attachments, so that it can fit between the camcorder and its battery. (V-mount conversion accessories allow it to be similarly positioned on V-mount camcorders.)

Teradek’s small-sized bonded cellular transmitters, called Bonds, are about the size of a deck of cards.

Crump said there will also be a single RU rackmount version of the bonded cellular device.

Because a cameraman has to lug a bonded cellular transmitter around, size—or lack thereof—is important, according to Gary Kenning director of marketing for Dejero in Waterloo, Ontario. With its LIVE+ 20/20 transmitter, “we’ve essentially put it in the dryer and shrunk it. It’s less than half the size that it was a year ago.”

Kenning also pointed to advances in Dejero’s H.264 encoding, where they’ve worked “to be more efficient from a code perspective in terms of how do we send more with less data or bandwidth.” He said it’s been a two-pronged effort.

One issue is “how do you deal with lower bandwidth environments better?” And on the other hand, where there’s high bandwidth 4G connectivity, “how do we really push the limits of that, and get across highquality HD video with really low latency?”

BEST OF BOTH WORLDS
Long-time licensed microwave equipment maker Vislink debuted its AirCam 3G/4G LTE Camera Back Transmitter and AirStream 3G/4G LTE Portable Video Transmitter at the 2012 NAB Show. Vislink Marketing Manager Eric McCulley said his company’s H.264 adaptive bit-rate encoding technology “offers superior, robust and persistent video transmission in bonding multiple 3G/4G LTE cellular networks together.”

Looking internationally, he pointed out that while the United States is seeing a lot of 4G cellular, “in most of the world, if you’re looking at being a worldwide supplier, 3G is just about as good as you’re going to get.”

McCulley said that Vislink “is very mindful of our legacy microwave business, and so we’re trying to do some hybrid systems, especially for broadcasters, where they can have a box that will do licensed microwave and cellular, to have the best of both worlds.”

Streambox recently unveiled its Avenir Mini, much smaller than its current Avenir 2, using its same encoding software and capable of camera mounting to A/B Gold Mount or V-Mount, or carrying in a side pack.

Vislink debuted its AirCam 3G/4G LTE Camera Back Transmitter and AirStream 3G/4G LTE Portable Video Transmitter at the 2012 NAB Show.

“If you get in a highly congested area, downtown, where here’s a lot of people and a lot of buildings, and many, many people on cell phones, there’s a real value to the amplification of the embedded modems and the high gain antennas.”

Teradek’s small-sized bonded cellular transmitters, called Bonds, are about the size of a deck of cards, according to Jon Landman, vice president of sales for the Irvine, Calif.- based company. “We’re very well-liked by the cameramen because we’re not a big, heavy backpack.”

The Teradek Bond sports USB ports where cellular modems can be plugged in. “Stations can all negotiate their own deals with their local carriers, which means that smaller stations can leverage local advertising, and do trade-outs,” said Landman.

He pointed out the simple system of color-changing LEDs gives the cameraman in the field an easy way to assess his cellular connections. If an LED light by a modem’s USB port “is red, it’s not connected. If it’s orange, the modem is connected by not sending data. And if it’s flashing green, it is sending data. The faster it flashes, the higher the bit rate.”

Joe Giardina, CTO of DSI RF Systems in Somerset, N.J., said his company took a different tack on bonded cellular devices because their designers came not from software backgrounds but from the RF transmission side. In fact, their RF bent led them away from “bonding” altogether, to a product using a single, optimized modem with a dedicated, high-gain antenna.

If you take six or eight antennas from closely located individual modems, he said, “with that many RF antennas that close together, there’s got to be interference, mutual coupling, mutual interference.” With a single, stronger signal, “the cellular system gives me more [and more reliable] bandwidth.”

To allow the single modem design to provide quality video has required DSI RF to develop what Giardina refers to as “uber efficient codecs,” which allows them to deliver 720p HD at 1.5–3 Mbps. Giardina pointed to an ancillary benefit to skipping the bonding steps is a reduction in the need for attendant “bonding processing,” which results in a lower latency.

Each company in the bonded cellular game has its R&D department burning the midnight oil to make their systems even more reliable. And several of them noted the looming issuance of a final draft of the H.265 (High Efficiency Video Coding) video compression standard. If H.265 cuts the encoded signal bit rate in half with no loss in video quality, as is predicted, even better bonded cellular performance can be expected.